From plastic mess to manageable

Plastic waste is piling up, and while recycling bins are everywhere, only a small chunk of that plastic gets reused. But engineers might be onto something big. A new review in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research says that a field called process systems engineering (PSE) could be the secret weapon needed to turn our plastic mess into something more manageable.

PSE uses smart tech like optimization software, computer modeling and machine learning to determine the best ways to sort, recycle and transport plastic waste — making the job smarter, faster and cleaner.

The review shares some up-and-coming methods, like solvent-based recycling and chemical recycling that could tackle the hard-to-recycle items that are typically thrown in the trash.

These methods might even beat traditional recycling when it comes to cutting emissions and saving more of the original material.

These new systems, however, still face major roadblocks: high costs, limited infrastructure, and questions about how to scale them up without causing new problems.

Even bioplastics, which are made from plants and seem like a greener choice, have downsides — like needing a lot of land and water to produce.

There’s no silver bullet yet, but using systems engineering to look at the whole picture — from environmental impact to social fairness — could help us build smarter plastic solutions.

It’s all part of an idyllic circular economy where plastics don’t end up in landfills, oceans or your lunch.

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A surgical cut for ulcerative colitis

Twenty to 30 percent of people with ulcerative colitis will typically require surgery to remove sections of the colon and the rectum (colectomy). This can leave an individual with an altered quality of life, but treatment advances are offering options whereby surgery isn’t necessarily the go-to option

A 20-year study out of Lothian, Scotland, has shown a more than 90 percent drop in the number of people requiring this surgery.

Biologics and small-molecule drugs have reduced the need for surgery over the past two decades. By 2023 these surgeries had become uncommon and advanced therapy use grew.

These treatments, including newer options like vedolizumab and medications that block the activity of Janus kinases, are now often the first thing doctors try — especially for older patients.

And it’s not just about fewer surgeries. The study found that emergency operations also became less common, and there were no signs that newer meds made surgery riskier for those who still needed it.

While researchers can’t say for sure that the drugs were the reason for the drop in surgery, the timing lines up well.

Ultimately, ulcerative colitis care is improving, becoming smarter and significantly less invasive — thanks to modern medicine.

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Mapping hidden kidney damage

PathoPlex is a new high-tech imaging tool that works like a disease detective finding hidden problems in tissue samples, typically missed by standard microscopes.

The tool, featured in Nature, can track more than 140 proteins at ultra-high resolution. It works in conjunction with a software called Spatiomic that helps to make sense of the data, noting patterns revealing stress, damage and treatment effects at the cellular level.

When scientists tested PathoPlex on kidney diseases, it picked up early signs of trouble.

In immune-related conditions, it identified a protein called JUN that marks disease progression.

In diabetes, it succeeded in locating stress and cell damage even when tissue appeared normal under a regular microscope.

It also showed how diabetes drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors can ease some of this hidden stress.

PathoPlex could help doctors catch kidney disease earlier and treat it more effectively — turning hidden clues into a clear path of action.

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Making the grade with EdTech

Welcome to the first day at a new school. Little Johnny wasn’t feeling well this morning, so his mom used the school app to request an absent day. This will appear in his attendance statistics at year end. In order to keep in the loop with what is going on in the classroom, Johnny received his access codes and passwords for Teams, the class Padlet, Google Classroom and ManageBac, via e-mail to his mom.

Johnny and his mom looked at each other, wondering what to do, which to access first and foremost, how to do so. New school equals new technology!

Throughout the school year, Johnny became familiar with all the systems the school uses to communicate with students, share assignments, and how each teacher uses them. But next year, these systems may change. And because each teacher uses them for different things, it will be back to square one for Johnny and his mom.

This scenario is all too familiar for parents and students these days as schools try to navigate the technology available to them. It’s a lot of trial and error and difficult for the kids and parents, not to mention the teachers.

The problem, says Phillipa Wraithmell, founder of Dubai-based EdTech company EdRuption, is that there is too much choice and schools aren’t building technology into their fundamental strategies.

This is where EdRuption comes in.

“EdTech and understanding how we need to manage this is never part of this strategy. The growth of the sector has really surpassed the schools’ level of integration. We now have so much happening, so much legacy technology, which costs the earth and does nothing for us,” Wraithmell tells KUST Review.


EdRuption Founder,  Philippa Wraithmell 

EdRuption is all about making sure that schools are making the right choices when selecting technology, using it in the right way, leveraging tools and skills and perhaps most importantly ensuring safety for the students. The digital strategy should be a core element of the overall school strategy, Wraithmell says, and EdRuption works with schools to ensure these digital strategies are sustainable.

The process goes a little like this.

In August, EdRuption meets with partner schools. The planning includes the school vision and values, a review of data storage, cloud, cyber security and core applications, a device plan, roll out and budgeting followed by an onboarding strategy.

Full governance is also agreed upon, which includes digital learning policies, responsible usage, pedagogy and infrastructure requirements plus training strategies for safeguarding — including parent-support workshops. Finally, the project planning focuses on aligning the strategy with curriculum and plans for professional development.

The project is rolled out and scheduled with a process that details a different monthly focus, monthly school visits, training and workshops, and actions points that span the scale of the school year and include a full review at the end of the year to adapt or adjust as needed. The entire digital strategy spans five years.

Wraithmell, who has dyslexia, says the planning’s accessibility and inclusivity are close to her heart.

“I couldn’t live without the tools on my device to support my everyday work. I wouldn’t have been able to write my book without the help from digital tools, which is probably why I feel so strongly about it,” she says.

Wraithmell works with trainers to make sure the training for schools is bespoke specifically for inclusion and to ensure that the digital ecosystem supports specific needs and makes learning personalized for everyone. She believes there is a simple way to empower everyone with learning.

IMAGE: Pixabay

Moving forward, “We do hope to partner shortly with a company who has a learning management system where we are able to share content and have a subscription model for teachers and parents globally. It will be in multiple languages and support a range of services for digital understanding,” Wraithmell says.

She is also designing a Digital Bridge program that will work with parents to close the gap between them and their digital-native children. “Parent involvement is easy, that’s where digital bridge comes in. We also do workshops and are soon partnering with another company to do short productions in schools to raise awareness to students and parents some of the dangers online,” she adds.

Wraithmell says making sure her team can support everyone is at the core of EdRuption and has partnered with Microsoft.

Over the next 12 to 18 months, the company has plans for an online learning platform for best-practice sharing and courses for both parents and students. EdTech has 20 more schools on track to digital compliance, safe and effective across Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and the Digital Bridge project has monthly workshops on the schedule.

“All of our projects are based around knowledge-sharing,” Wraithmell tells KUST Review.

There is a plethora of educational technology in the market, and the list continues to grow from learning-management systems to apps and games.

Squeeze those hydrogels

A research team from Japan and France has developed a new sort of mechanophore, a molecule that jumps into action when it experiences force, kind of like an assistant inside the softer hydrogel that wakes up to help and make them stronger.

It’s all thanks to a naturally derived molecule called camphanediol. This molecule is tough in the heat, steady under UV light and ready to react when squeezed. Most mechanophores break down easily or need delicate chemical setups to work — but not this one.

When camphanediol gets stretched or pulled inside a hydrogel, it snaps certain chemical bonds in a very specific way. This releases mechanoradicals — tiny chemical sparks that can start new reactions. These sparks reinforce the material, similar to rebuilding muscle after a workout.

Tests showed that hydrogels with camphanediol generated over four times more of these strengthening sparks than regular versions. Additionally, the more it was stressed, the stronger it got, without resulting damage.

The findings could lead to smart materials that adapt and increase resilience on the fly, perfect for soft robots, medical devices and wearable tech.

The paper was published in Chemical Science.

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