Tiny tool, big brain power

Scientists have developed a miniature iontronic micropipette — a fancy name for a super-tiny device that gently delivers pure potassium or sodium ions directly to individual brain cells like neurons and astrocytes.

This brings us closer to controlling brain cells without using drugs or electric shocks.

This is important because understanding how these cells behave is key to understanding brain function, and this device gives researchers a way to mimic natural brain chemistry with the utmost precision — without spilling liquid, blasting high currents or causing side effects.

The pipette’s tip is smaller than a red blood cell and works by releasing ions through a special membrane, targeting just one area at a time.

In lab tests on mouse brain slices, it successfully triggered cell activity and simulated seizure-like states, all while keeping full control and avoiding collateral damage.

The goal is to study the brain in real time with tools that are cleaner, safer and more precise. Maybe one day science can use this tech in drug-free brain therapies.

The findings, published in Small, have the potential to one day reshape neurology or mental health treatment.

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Your pupils change as you breathe

The size of your pupil systematically fluctuates with your breathing, according to a new study from Karolinksa Institutet. The pupillary respiratory-phase response (PRP response) means pupils are smallest at the start of each inhale and largest during exhale.

Traditionally, pupil size has been linked to light exposure, fixating on objects and emotional or cognitive states. This study, published in the Journal of Physiology, tested various breathing conditions, lighting environments and even participants without a sense of smell.

The consistency of their findings suggests that brainstem circuits drive this PRP response, independent of external influences.

Beyond deepening our understanding of vision and neural activity, these findings could have implications for human-computer interaction and clinical research, where pupil dynamics are often used as markers of brain function.

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